Audio Basics with Arduino

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1#include <math.h>  // requires an Atmega168 chip
2
3#define outpin 8   // audio out to speaker or amp
4int ptime;
5int   k,  x, dur, freq, t;
6int i, j;
7
8
9float ps;         // variable for pow pitchShift routine
10
11float noteval;
12
13// note values for two octave scale
14// divide them by powers of two to generate other octaves
15float A     = 14080;
16float AS    = 14917.2;
17float B     = 15804.3;
18float C     = 16744;
19float CS    = 17739.7;
20float D     = 18794.5;
21float DS    = 19912.1;
22float E     = 21096.2;
23float F     = 22350.6;
24float FS    = 23679.6;
25float G     = 25087.7;
26float GS    = 26579.5;
27float A2    = 28160;
28float A2S   = 29834.5;
29float B2    = 31608.5;
30float C2    = 33488.1;
31float C2S   = 35479.4;
32float D2    = 37589.1;
33float D2S   = 39824.3;
34float E2    = 42192.3;
35float F2    = 44701.2;
36float F2S   = 47359.3;
37float G2    = 50175.4;
38float G2S   = 53159;
39float A3    = 56320;
40
41//octaves  - corresponds to piano octaves
42float oct8 = 4;
43float oct7 = 8;
44float oct6 = 16;
45float oct5 = 32;
46float oct4 = 64;
47float oct3 = 128;
48float oct2 = 256;
49float oct1 = 512;
50float oct0 = 1024;
51
52//rhythm values
53int wh = 1024;
54int h  = 512;
55int dq = 448;
56int q = 256;
57int qt = 170;
58int de = 192;
59int e = 128;
60int et = 85;
61int dsx = 96;
62int sx = 64;
63int thx = 32;
64
65// major scale just for demo, hack this
66
67float majScale[] = {
68  A,  B,  CS,  D,  E,  FS,  GS,  A2,   B2,  C2S,  D2,  E2,  F2S,  G2S,  A3};
69
70void setup() {
71  Serial.begin(9600);
72}
73
74
75void loop(){
76 for(i= 0; i<=11; i++){
77    ps = (float)i / 12;         // choose new transpose interval every loop
78    for(x= 0; x<=15; x++){
79      noteval = (majScale[x] / oct4) * pow(2,ps);    // transpose scale up 12 tones
80// pow function generates transposition
81// eliminate " * pow(2,ps) " to cut out transpose routine
82
83      dur = 100;
84      freqout((int)noteval, dur);
85
86      delay(10);
87    }
88  }
89}
90
91void freqout(int freq, int t)  // freq in hz, t in ms
92{
93  int hperiod;                               //calculate 1/2 period in us
94  long cycles, i;
95  pinMode(outpin, OUTPUT);                   // turn on output pin
96
97  hperiod = (500000 / freq) - 7;             // subtract 7 us to make up for digitalWrite overhead
98
99  cycles = ((long)freq * (long)t) / 1000;    // calculate cycles
100 // Serial.print(freq);
101 // Serial.print((char)9);                   // ascii 9 is tab - you have to coerce it to a char to work
102 // Serial.print(hperiod);
103 // Serial.print((char)9);
104 // Serial.println(cycles);
105
106  for (i=0; i<= cycles; i++){              // play note for t ms
107    digitalWrite(outpin, HIGH);
108    delayMicroseconds(hperiod);
109    digitalWrite(outpin, LOW);
110    delayMicroseconds(hperiod - 1);     // - 1 to make up for digitaWrite overhead
111  }
112pinMode(outpin, INPUT);                // shut off pin to avoid noise from other operations
113
114}

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1float EIGHTH = 1;
2  float QUARTER = 2;
3  float DOTTED_QUARTER =3;
4  float HALF = 4;
5  float ETERNITY =-1;
6  float TEMPO = 150;
7
8  float majScale[] = {
9    A,QUARTER,  B,QUARTER,  CS,QUARTER,  D,QUARTER,  E,QUARTER,  FS,QUARTER,  GS,QUARTER,  A2,QUARTER,  B2,QUARTER,
10    C2S,QUARTER,  D2,QUARTER,  E2,QUARTER, F2S,QUARTER, G2S,QUARTER, A3,QUARTER, REST,ETERNITY
11  };
12
13  float odeToJoy[] = {
14    F2S,QUARTER, F2S,QUARTER, G2,QUARTER, A3,QUARTER, A3,QUARTER, G2,QUARTER, F2S,QUARTER, E2,QUARTER, D2,QUARTER,
15    D2,QUARTER, E2,QUARTER, F2S,QUARTER, F2S,DOTTED_QUARTER, E2,EIGHTH, E2,HALF, F2S,QUARTER, F2S,QUARTER, G2,QUARTER,
16    A3,QUARTER, A3,QUARTER,G2,QUARTER, F2S,QUARTER, E2,QUARTER, D2,QUARTER, D2,QUARTER, E2,QUARTER, F2S,QUARTER, E2,DOTTED_QUARTER,
17    D2,EIGHTH, D2,HALF, E2,QUARTER, E2,QUARTER, F2S,QUARTER, D2,QUARTER, E2,QUARTER, F2S,EIGHTH, G2,EIGHTH, F2S,QUARTER, D2,QUARTER,
18    E2,QUARTER, F2S,EIGHTH, G2,EIGHTH,  F2S,QUARTER, E2,QUARTER, D2,QUARTER, E2,QUARTER, A,QUARTER, REST,ETERNITY
19  };
20
21  void play(float song[]) {
22    for(x= 0; x<10000; x=x+2) {
23      noteval = (song[x] / 64);
24      dur = TEMPO * song[x+1];
25      if(dur < 0) {
26        break;
27      freqout((int)noteval, dur);
28      delay(10);
29      }
30    }
31  }

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1///////////////////////////////////////
2// Smoothstep Interpolation Example //
3///////////////////////////////////////
4
5// Dan Thompson 2009
6//
7// Inpired by the code and chat on this site.
8// https://sol.gfxile.net/interpolation/
9//
10// Use this code at your own risk.
11//
12// This sketch was written with motion controlled timelapse photography
13// in mind. I have tried to make it generic enough to understand the smoothstep
14// concept so that one might adapt this powerful formula in other areas as well.
15//
16// For the full tutorial visit https://danthompsonsblog.blogspot.com/
17//
18// Usage:
19// 1. Upload the sketch to the Arduino.
20// 2. Click on the Serial monitor to see some visual feed back of the SMOOTHSTEP function.
21// 3. Scroll through the print out to see the SMOOTHSTEP curve.
22// 4. Play with the code and adapt it to your needs! ;)
23
24#define SMOOTHSTEP(x) ((x) _ (x) _ (3 - 2 \* (x))) //SMOOTHSTEP expression.
25
26int j = 0; //Just an Iterator.
27int i = 0; //Just another Iterator.
28float A = 0.0; //Input Min Value
29float B = 100.0; //Input Max Value
30float N = 100.0; //Input number of steps for transition
31float X; //final smoothstepped value
32float v; //smoothstep expression variable
33
34void setup() {
35Serial.begin(9600); //establish serial connection for debugging
36}
37
38void loop()
39{
40if (j < N) // Keep looping until we hit the pre-defined max number
41// of steps
42{
43v = j / N; // Iteration divided by the number of steps.
44v = SMOOTHSTEP(v); // Run the smoothstep expression on v.
45X = (B _ v) + (A _ (1 - v)); // Run the linear interpolation expression using the current
46//smoothstep result.
47for ( i=0; i < X ; i++) // This loop could the relevant code for each time your
48//motor steps.
49{
50Serial.print("1"); //Prints the number "1" for each step.
51 }
52Serial.print(" "); //Puts a space between each line of steps and their
53//corresponding float value
54Serial.println(X); // prints the soothstepped value
55Serial.println("CLICK!!!"); // this could be where you trigger your timelapse shutter
56j++; // Increments j by 1.
57}
58}

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1#include <stdint.h>
2#include <avr/interrupt.h>
3#include <avr/io.h>
4#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
5
6#define SAMPLE_RATE 8000
7
8/*
9* The audio data needs to be unsigned, 8-bit, 8000 Hz, and small enough
10* to fit in flash. 10000-13000 samples is about the limit.
11*
12* sounddata.h should look like this:
13*     const int sounddata_length=10000;
14*     const unsigned char sounddata_data[] PROGMEM = { ..... };
15*
16* You can use wav2c from GBA CSS:
17*     https://thieumsweb.free.fr/english/gbacss.html
18* Then add "PROGMEM" in the right place. I hacked it up to dump the samples
19* as unsigned rather than signed, but it shouldn't matter.
20*
21* https://musicthing.blogspot.com/2005/05/tiny-music-makers-pt-4-mac-startup.html
22* mplayer -ao pcm macstartup.mp3
23* sox audiodump.wav -v 1.32 -c 1 -r 8000 -u -1 macstartup-8000.wav
24* sox macstartup-8000.wav macstartup-cut.wav trim 0 10000s
25* wav2c macstartup-cut.wav sounddata.h sounddata
26*
27* (starfox) nb. under sox 12.18 (distributed in CentOS 5), i needed to run
28* the following command to convert my wav file to the appropriate format:
29* sox audiodump.wav -c 1 -r 8000 -u -b macstartup-8000.wav
30*/
31
32#include "sounddata.h"
33
34int ledPin = 13;
35int speakerPin = 11; // Can be either 3 or 11, two PWM outputs connected to Timer 2
36volatile uint16_t sample;
37byte lastSample;
38
39
40void stopPlayback()
41{
42   // Disable playback per-sample interrupt.
43   TIMSK1 &= ~_BV(OCIE1A);
44
45   // Disable the per-sample timer completely.
46   TCCR1B &= ~_BV(CS10);
47
48   // Disable the PWM timer.
49   TCCR2B &= ~_BV(CS10);
50
51   digitalWrite(speakerPin, LOW);
52}
53
54// This is called at 8000 Hz to load the next sample.
55ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect) {
56   if (sample >= sounddata_length) {
57       if (sample == sounddata_length + lastSample) {
58           stopPlayback();
59       }
60       else {
61           if(speakerPin==11){
62               // Ramp down to zero to reduce the click at the end of playback.
63               OCR2A = sounddata_length + lastSample - sample;
64           } else {
65               OCR2B = sounddata_length + lastSample - sample;
66           }
67       }
68   }
69   else {
70       if(speakerPin==11){
71           OCR2A = pgm_read_byte(&sounddata_data[sample]);
72       } else {
73           OCR2B = pgm_read_byte(&sounddata_data[sample]);
74       }
75   }
76
77   ++sample;
78}
79
80void startPlayback()
81{
82   pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT);
83
84   // Set up Timer 2 to do pulse width modulation on the speaker
85   // pin.
86
87   // Use internal clock (datasheet p.160)
88   ASSR &= ~(_BV(EXCLK) | _BV(AS2));
89
90   // Set fast PWM mode  (p.157)
91   TCCR2A |= _BV(WGM21) | _BV(WGM20);
92   TCCR2B &= ~_BV(WGM22);
93
94   if(speakerPin==11){
95       // Do non-inverting PWM on pin OC2A (p.155)
96       // On the Arduino this is pin 11.
97       TCCR2A = (TCCR2A | _BV(COM2A1)) & ~_BV(COM2A0);
98       TCCR2A &= ~(_BV(COM2B1) | _BV(COM2B0));
99       // No prescaler (p.158)
100       TCCR2B = (TCCR2B & ~(_BV(CS12) | _BV(CS11))) | _BV(CS10);
101
102       // Set initial pulse width to the first sample.
103       OCR2A = pgm_read_byte(&sounddata_data[0]);
104   } else {
105       // Do non-inverting PWM on pin OC2B (p.155)
106       // On the Arduino this is pin 3.
107       TCCR2A = (TCCR2A | _BV(COM2B1)) & ~_BV(COM2B0);
108       TCCR2A &= ~(_BV(COM2A1) | _BV(COM2A0));
109       // No prescaler (p.158)
110       TCCR2B = (TCCR2B & ~(_BV(CS12) | _BV(CS11))) | _BV(CS10);
111
112       // Set initial pulse width to the first sample.
113       OCR2B = pgm_read_byte(&sounddata_data[0]);
114   }
115
116
117
118
119
120   // Set up Timer 1 to send a sample every interrupt.
121
122   cli();
123
124   // Set CTC mode (Clear Timer on Compare Match) (p.133)
125   // Have to set OCR1A *after*, otherwise it gets reset to 0!
126   TCCR1B = (TCCR1B & ~_BV(WGM13)) | _BV(WGM12);
127   TCCR1A = TCCR1A & ~(_BV(WGM11) | _BV(WGM10));
128
129   // No prescaler (p.134)
130   TCCR1B = (TCCR1B & ~(_BV(CS12) | _BV(CS11))) | _BV(CS10);
131
132   // Set the compare register (OCR1A).
133   // OCR1A is a 16-bit register, so we have to do this with
134   // interrupts disabled to be safe.
135   OCR1A = F_CPU / SAMPLE_RATE;    // 16e6 / 8000 = 2000
136
137   // Enable interrupt when TCNT1 == OCR1A (p.136)
138   TIMSK1 |= _BV(OCIE1A);
139
140   lastSample = pgm_read_byte(&sounddata_data[sounddata_length-1]);
141   sample = 0;
142   sei();
143}
144
145
146void setup()
147{
148   pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
149   digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
150   startPlayback();
151}
152
153void loop()
154{
155   while (true);
156}

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1// sounddata sound made by wav2c
2// (wav2c modified to use unsigned samples)
3
4/_ const int sounddata_sampleRate=8000; _/
5const int sounddata_length=10000;
6
7const unsigned char sounddata_data[] PROGMEM = {
8128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
9128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
10128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
11128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
12128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
13128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
14128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
15128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
16128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128,
17128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 128, 129, 127, 129, 128, 127, 133,
18117, 109, 125, 121, 116, 132, 140, 126, 114, 114, 116, 120, 114, 93, 73, 66, 76, 116, 142, 129,
19128, 129, 120, 119, 118, 104, 87, 123, 181, 194, 196, 198, 189, 176, 160, 162, 172, 164, 164, 183,
20197, 188, 168, 167, 170, 165, 185, 209, 206, 196, 196, 199, 185, 162, 156, 167, 176, 173, 170, 166,
21151, 142, 140, 134, 130, 127, 113, 86, 67, 66, 69, 75, 73, 75, 86, 90, 91, 84, 65, 48,
2241, 30, 26, 56, 91, 88, 72, 70, 73, 82, 89, 73, 57, 60, 74, 89, 92, 77, 63, 60,
2353, 47, 56, 64, 63, 61, 56, 54, 52, 36, 16, 22, 51, 66, 67, 70, 76, 88, 99, 92,
2477, 74, 85, 100, 106, 97, 83, 85, 96, 108, 133, 160, 164, 144, 113, 96, 91, 82, 74, 76,
2589, 97, 97, 97, 82, 54, 40, 41, 41, 43, 56, 74, 78, 64, 55, 64, 72, 72, 84, 102,
26108, 116, 126, 127, 124, 127, 134, 134, 138, 148, 152, 156, 164, 165, 169, 171, 160, 156, 157, 152,
27151, 145, 133, 136, 153, 166, 165, 163, 165, 161, 156, 158, 155, 147, 148, 160, 185, 209, 215, 220,
28220, 204, 200, 208, 205, 200, 202, 209, 214, 213, 205, 198, 194, 194, 203, 219, 231, 235, 230, 219,
29200, 184, 177, 170, 170, 177, 172, 164, 163, 158, 156, 160, 163, 161, 142, 116, 103, 96, 89, 93,
30101, 105, 111, 116, 120, 110, 89, 80, 78, 75, 73, 80, 93, 91, 77, 69, 70, 77, 91, 98,
3189, 87, 93, 95, 95, 94, 97, 96, 91, 94, 99, 100, 101, 95, 83, 78, 79, 71, 56, 41,
3237, 53, 64, 63, 72, 82, 83, 82, 80, 73, 67, 69, 69, 66, 68, 79, 99, 121, 143, 165,
33180, 174, 148, 131, 122, 112, 115, 120, 121, 126, 122, 108, 87, 72, 71, 73, 79, 81, 83, 86,
3483, 77, 70, 71, 85, 100, 112, 118, 130, 146, 154, 166, 174, 172, 172, 161, 147, 146, 153, 157,
35161, 165, 168, 170, 162, 138, 122, 121, 121, 123, 128, 138, 151, 161, 165, 161, 153, 150, 149, 147,
36136, 129, 140, 150, 156, 176, 194, 193, 179, 168, 167, 174, 185, 188, 181, 174, 164, 156, 156, 155,
37163, 185, 210, 224, 229, 235, 233, 215, 195, 176, 168, 170, 171, 168, 162, 162, 163, 165, 174, 181,
38184, 172, 151, 135, 125, 125, 132, 138, 139, 139, 139, 133, 121, 116, 117, 115, 104, 94, 94, 94,
3992, 90, 82, 70, 64, 69, 77, 82, 87, 85, 85, 92, 97, 105, 112, 108, 103, 107, 116, 122,
40121, 115, 101, 87, 80, 71, 67, 72, 70, 68, 78, 82, 78, 78, 79, 81, 79, 68, 59, 57,
4153, 60, 83, 106, 125, 146, 174, 192, 188, 186, 180, 161, 155, 157, 158, 156, 152, 148, 131, 117,
42111, 100, 97, 101, 104, 107, 110, 113, 112, 108, 106, 108, 122, 130, 141, 164, 175, 180, 185, 186,
43186, 182, 174, 167, 155, 150, 154, 155, 143, 132, 136, 139, 127, 114, 108, 107, 104, 103, 114, 120,
44124, 131, 134, 132, 123, 115, 109, 101, 108, 130, 144, 154, 161, 171, 184, 184, 171, 155, 147, 155,
45165, 165, 151, 142, 144, 136, 137, 152, 158, 162, 177, 200, 209, 206, 201, 181, 163, 159, 154, 154,
46151, 146, 161, 176, 170, 168, 175, 181, 176, 160, 148, 141, 138, 140, 140, 139, 140, 148, 155, 152,
47146, 135, 123, 111, 103, 110, 113, 100, 81, 62, 55, 52, 40, 33, 38, 60, 86, 95, 99, 106,
48111, 113, 105, 91, 87, 94, 101, 106, 103, 90, 76, 67, 63, 68, 72, 68, 63, 58, 68, 86,
4982, 68, 60, 56, 53, 45, 37, 40, 58, 77, 92, 110, 128, 149, 169, 174, 161, 151, 144, 139,
50142, 146, 146, 147, 142, 132, 129, 127, 116, 99, 94, 103, 113, 119, 122, 128, 133, 128, 119, 118,
51132, 160, 193, 215, 221, 222, 226, 224, 217, 211, 200, 181, 166, 158, 152, 148, 139, 125, 118, 118,
52119, 122, 123, 123, 124, 126, 127, 124, 127, 141, 143, 131, 118, 107, 110, 127, 146, 159, 163, 165,
53166, 164, 164, 160, 146, 131, 124, 135, 147, 145, 140, 138, 130, 124, 130, 136, 145, 163, 177, 182,
54181, 179, 177, 169, 159, 154, 155, 165, 176, 184, 195, 195, 183, 173, 163, 156, 158, 160, 159, 165,
55171, 164, 154, 154, 159, 167, 170, 167, 157, 141, 128, 120, 115, 111, 102, 95, 87, 64, 50, 49,
5645, 54, 77, 101, 123, 136, 139, 136, 128, 119, 112, 105, 101, 110, 123, 112, 94, 88, 78, 72,
5783, 89, 80, 69, 65, 57, 58, 64, 59, 53, 39, 16, 18, 36, 46, 66, 92, 107, 119, 135,
58145, 150, 160, 158, 147, 145, 144, 150, 160, 153, 150, 150, 140, 128, 120, 116, 104, 91, 88, 90,
59106, 123, 123, 123, 114, 100, 105, 119, 142, 181, 211, 222, 220, 214, 208, 204, 201, 186, 171, 166,
60162, 154, 138, 128, 120, 101, 93, 94, 103, 119, 117, 109, 109, 112, 119, 121, 121, 124, 122, 119,
61117, 124, 142, 158, 174, 183, 173, 168, 165, 149, 135, 132, 126, 119, 124, 127, 125, 133, 126, 111,
62116, 123, 127, 135, 145, 157, 167, 174, 176, 177, 182, 181, 184, 194, 194, 198, 213, 219, 219, 219,
63206, 184, 164, 153, 154, 163, 166, 162, 165, 164, 154, 154, 160, 161, 165, 166, 158, 146, 140, 130,
64122, 121, 109, 95, 89, 74, 61, 65, 74, 88, 110, 132, 149, 159, 149, 124, 107, 99, 91, 92,
6598, 101, 101, 90, 81, 84, 86, 82, 82, 80, 68, 58, 56, 53, 47, 42, 37, 35, 35, 30,
6628, 31, 40, 56, 74, 91, 99, 98, 101, 110, 114, 111, 110, 119, 127, 133, 140, 139, 128, 118,
67116, 109, 94, 87, 83, 79, 89, 110, 119, 116, 117, 117, 114, 117, 116, 119, 137, 164, 191, 204,
68192, 180, 180, 175, 161, 152, 149, 139, 128, 122, 111, 98, 89, 88, 93, 97, 94, 98, 104, 101,
69107, 119, 117, 121, 140, 152, 157, 164, 165, 171, 183, 190, 194, 191, 182, 172, 166, 154, 137, 132,
70134, 134, 138, 141, 130, 120, 123, 123, 120, 117, 109, 110, 125, 150, 168, 164, 163, 179, 196, 210,
71218, 220, 224, 227, 230, 238, 237, 218, 205, 202, 194, 189, 188, 184, 181, 181, 182, 174, 162, 161,
72168, 181, 194, 187, 176, 170, 156, 151, 143, 127, 125, 125, 116, 103, 94, 95, 107, 124, 145, 161,
73159, 151, 153, 145, 123, 106, 95, 85, 82, 86, 87, 78, 74, 79, 79, 73, 64, 58, 62, 62,
7464, 59, 43, 41, 53, 59, 57, 51, 47, 49, 71, 99, 107, 105, 98, 87, 93, 109, 117, 114,
75110, 113, 120, 132, 136, 131, 129, 123, 112, 105, 97, 95, 103, 115, 123, 125, 130, 140, 145, 145,
76137, 134, 142, 147, 157, 176, 187, 183, 171, 157, 142, 132, 132, 133, 131, 127, 111, 92, 84, 83,
7781, 72, 63, 60, 69, 90, 112, 122, 115, 112, 124, 131, 135, 144, 145, 149, 161, 174, 184, 181,
78171, 160, 148, 143, 138, 127, 119, 119, 126, 130, 120, 107, 100, 99, 104, 109, 105, 95, 95, 106,
79121, 138, 149, 158, 165, 170, 183, 200, 214, 227, 233, 236, 236, 225, 214, 206, 194, 188, 181, 173,
80174, 175, 176, 174, 164, 159, 159, 153, 149, 150, 154, 166, 172, 160, 146, 136, 130, 131, 127, 112,
8196, 91, 97, 107, 117, 125, 125, 120, 119, 120, 119, 112, 96, 80, 70, 65, 67, 69, 63, 63,
8261, 48, 41, 46, 58, 73, 84, 91, 90, 85, 88, 88, 84, 79, 74, 84, 94, 99, 116, 128,
83122, 111, 104, 99, 96, 101, 117, 128, 127, 124, 130, 139, 139, 138, 133, 115, 105, 115, 131, 141,
84147, 149, 147, 149, 159, 162, 159, 158, 155, 156, 160, 162, 168, 168, 163, 166, 168, 148, 121, 118,
85128, 127, 127, 124, 108, 93, 85, 76, 67, 56, 58, 82, 102, 108, 122, 137, 135, 131, 134, 133,
86135, 145, 158, 165, 166, 167, 161, 152, 151, 147, 140, 128, 117, 116, 116, 113, 117, 115, 108, 105,
87105, 99, 91, 98, 112, 115, 120, 133, 145, 158, 171, 182, 188, 190, 201, 222, 235, 239, 241, 245,
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455105, 100, 96, 93, 86, 79, 78, 72, 58, 52, 54, 57, 65, 69, 65, 62, 60, 60, 62, 70,
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460143, 146, 148, 150, 157, 167, 164, 158, 159, 166, 176, 182, 188, 193, 196, 198, 198, 197, 195, 184,
461169, 160, 155, 149, 151, 156, 150, 140, 137, 138, 142, 147, 164, 183, 187, 181, 173, 169, 171, 165,
462153, 148, 142, 130, 118, 112, 116, 119, 115, 111, 108, 99, 87, 80, 78, 80, 84, 98, 114, 120,
463125, 125, 113, 103, 98, 94, 102, 107, 102, 102, 103, 94, 78, 66, 67, 70, 66, 61, 55, 56,
46470, 80, 80, 76, 67, 62, 58, 53, 69, 92, 101, 113, 123, 122, 123, 127, 131, 133, 133, 132,
465129, 130, 130, 123, 109, 92, 76, 63, 55, 52, 48, 43, 46, 60, 71, 76, 95, 110, 105, 95,
46689, 94, 112, 120, 124, 137, 146, 144, 137, 133, 139, 146, 153, 160, 167, 169, 166, 165, 171, 170,
467164, 166, 170, 172, 176, 181, 181, 177, 171, 165, 163, 157, 145, 134, 132, 133, 125, 119, 131, 145,
468145, 142, 142, 139, 139, 145, 150, 152, 155, 161, 159, 152, 156, 167, 173, 175, 174, 170, 175, 181,
469185, 191, 199, 205, 203, 191, 182, 177, 172, 169, 164, 161, 165, 167, 163, 156, 154, 158, 157, 154,
470158, 168, 175, 172, 163, 155, 156, 158, 151, 145, 143, 137, 127, 119, 115, 117, 125, 127, 113, 96,
47184, 81, 85, 88, 98, 123, 133, 125, 125, 128, 121, 111, 98, 90, 92, 94, 92, 87, 87, 91,
47285, 73, 66, 61, 61, 60, 55, 50, 49, 58, 66, 61, 51, 46, 46, 47, 54, 74, 99, 115,
473116, 116, 120, 121, 119, 120, 124, 130, 132, 127, 117, 108, 108, 107, 93, 77, 65, 61, 59, 54,
47459, 75, 83, 85, 91, 96, 94, 92, 91, 88, 93, 115, 134, 135, 131, 136, 142, 141, 138, 140,
475149, 158, 161, 158, 153, 159, 171, 169, 166, 174, 178, 172, 171, 174, 177, 177, 168, 156, 147, 137,
476131, 130, 126, 128, 137, 143, 138, 132, 135, 141, 141, 133, 131, 138, 145, 148, 150, 156, 165, 169,
477169, 174, 181, 185, 184, 175, 169, 175, 182, 184, 185, 189, 191, 186, 178, 171, 167, 171, 176, 176,
478171, 173, 179, 175, 172, 176, 173, 170, 172, 174, 176, 181, 182, 173, 162, 156, 154, 154, 145, 134,
479134, 134, 128, 119, 115, 114, 106, 96, 89, 85, 87, 98, 117, 135, 139, 134, 134, 135, 135, 127,
480112, 102, 95, 94, 99, 101, 97, 95, 95, 90, 82, 68, 52, 46, 45, 40, 35, 42, 50, 47,
48144, 47, 45, 46, 65, 91, 106, 115, 124, 123, 117, 115, 118, 117, 122, 126, 122, 120, 122, 119,
482110, 100, 90, 78, 68, 63, 57, 53, 62, 79, 86, 87, 93, 97, 96, 93, 88, 86, 93, 112,
483130, 130, 126, 129, 136, 143, 148, 147, 144, 143, 142, 150, 159, 162, 168, 170, 171, 174, 174, 170,
484169, 174, 178, 177, 175, 167, 152, 145, 141, 130, 133, 148, 156, 155, 151, 141, 134, 134, 129, 121,
485121, 127, 130, 136, 149, 166, 178, 184, 193, 195, 192, 191, 184, 174, 172, 175, 180, 183, 184, 181,
486178, 179, 172, 163, 163, 170, 172, 169, 168, 172, 171, 168, 167, 169, 167, 162, 162, 165, 170, 174,
487174, 168, 155, 145, 141, 137, 126, 115, 117, 125, 125, 118, 108, 100, 91, 79, 74, 79, 90, 109,
488128, 140, 146, 149, 153, 147, 134, 127, 118, 107, 105, 109, 112, 107, 98, 96, 94, 84, 72, 57,
48943, 36, 30, 22, 21, 25, 30, 40, 46, 42, 48, 70, 91, 104, 113, 126, 136, 132, 128, 127,
490126, 126, 126, 129, 137, 138, 132, 125, 113, 102, 92, 77, 67, 57, 52, 62, 72, 80, 89, 90,
49193, 95, 87, 89, 99, 99, 98, 110, 123, 129, 127, 125, 127, 133, 137, 137, 140, 148, 151, 152,
492156, 157, 158, 165, 172, 172, 166, 162, 166, 170, 166, 162, 162, 157, 152, 149, 145, 146, 147, 152,
493162, 164, 157, 150, 140, 129, 120, 112, 105, 108, 123, 145, 163, 170, 177, 186, 192, 195, 192, 189,
494187, 182, 181, 181, 181, 188, 191, 189, 189, 182, 173, 174, 176, 176, 177, 178, 174, 165, 160, 163,
495167, 164, 158, 157, 162, 165, 160, 155, 153, 142, 133, 137, 140, 132, 124, 116, 110, 109, 108, 106,
496102, 97, 91, 87, 83, 85, 94, 114, 135, 145, 146, 144, 142, 140, 130, 119, 115, 113, 112, 109,
497106, 108, 103, 91, 87, 80, 67, 54, 42, 29, 18, 9, 5, 13, 27, 38, 48, 54, 56, 68,
49891, 110, 117, 119, 121, 123, 129, 134, 135, 138, 144, 144, 144, 142, 133, 120, 105, 92, 83, 72,
49962, 58, 57, 61, 70, 78, 83, 92, 99, 101, 104, 107, 106, 107, 111, 119, 129, 135, 135, 131,
500129, 132, 133, 134, 136, 142, 149, 150, 149, 150, 153, 161, 169, 169, 163, 157, 157, 159, 156, 152,
501155, 160, 161, 164, 169, 170, 172, 172, 173, 173, 166, 152, 137, 128, 119, 109, 109, 121, 134, 145,
502156, 160, 161, 166, 174, 184, 191, 189, 186, 185, 178, 173, 182, 193, 203, 204, 198, 197, 196, 192,
503187, 182, 180, 177, 175, 173, 168, 166, 169, 171, 170, 169, 168, 165, 154, 143, 134, 128, 126, 130,
504133, 130, 124, 113, 101, 101, 102, 98, 98, 98, 97, 96, 99, 104, 108, 119, 131, 134, 132, 130,
505132, 135, 131, 123, 121, 121, 117, 110, 105, 99, 95, 89, 85, 81, 69, 55, 43, 29, 17, 12,
50616, 26, 33, 42, 55, 61, 67, 77, 91, 107, 118, 120, 125, 128, 130, 134, 140, 145, 146, 143,
507142, 136, 124, 111, 96, 80, 69, 62, 59, 57, 52, 50, 56, 65, 74, 86, 96, 109, 116,
508};

Copy
1/* Rick Roll Code
2AUTHOR: Samantha Lagestee
3Copyright 2017 samilagestee at gmail dot com
4
5    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
6    modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
7    published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
8    the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9
10    DISCLAIMER: The song "Never Gonna Give You Up" by Rick Astley
11    is not the creative property of the author. This code simply
12    plays a Piezo buzzer rendition of the song.
13
14*/
15
16#define a3f 208 // 208 Hz
17#define b3f 233 // 233 Hz
18#define b3 247 // 247 Hz
19#define c4 261 // 261 Hz MIDDLE C
20#define c4s 277 // 277 Hz
21#define e4f 311 // 311 Hz
22#define f4 349 // 349 Hz
23#define a4f 415 // 415 Hz
24#define b4f 466 // 466 Hz
25#define b4 493 // 493 Hz
26#define c5 523 // 523 Hz
27#define c5s 554 // 554 Hz
28#define e5f 622 // 622 Hz
29#define f5 698 // 698 Hz
30#define f5s 740 // 740 Hz
31#define a5f 831 // 831 Hz
32
33#define rest -1
34
35// change these pins according to your setup
36int piezo = 8;
37int led = 9;
38
39volatile int beatlength = 100; // determines tempo
40float beatseparationconstant = 0.3;
41
42int a; // part index
43int b; // song index
44int c; // lyric index
45
46boolean flag; // play/pause
47
48// Parts 1 and 2 (Intro)
49
50int song1_intro_melody[] =
51{c5s, e5f, e5f, f5, a5f, f5s, f5, e5f, c5s, e5f, rest, a4f, a4f};
52
53int song1_intro_rhythmn[] =
54{6, 10, 6, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 4, 2, 10};
55
56// Parts 3 or 5 (Verse 1)
57
58int song1_verse1_melody[] =
59{ rest, c4s, c4s, c4s, c4s, e4f, rest, c4, b3f, a3f,
60rest, b3f, b3f, c4, c4s, a3f, a4f, a4f, e4f,
61rest, b3f, b3f, c4, c4s, b3f, c4s, e4f, rest, c4, b3f, b3f, a3f,
62rest, b3f, b3f, c4, c4s, a3f, a3f, e4f, e4f, e4f, f4, e4f,
63c4s, e4f, f4, c4s, e4f, e4f, e4f, f4, e4f, a3f,
64rest, b3f, c4, c4s, a3f, rest, e4f, f4, e4f
65};
66
67int song1_verse1_rhythmn[] =
68{ 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 5,
691, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 5,
701, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3,
711, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4,
725, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2,
732, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 3
74};
75
76char\* lyrics_verse1[] =
77{ "We're ", "no ", "strangers ", "", "to ", "love ", "", "\r\n",
78"You ", "know ", "the ", "rules ", "and ", "so ", "do ", "I\r\n",
79"A ", "full ", "commitment's ", "", "", "what ", "I'm ", "thinking ", "", "of", "\r\n",
80"You ", "wouldn't ", "", "get ", "this ", "from ", "any ", "", "other ", "", "guy\r\n",
81"I ", "just ", "wanna ", "", "tell ", "you ", "how ", "I'm ", "feeling", "\r\n",
82"Gotta ", "", "make ", "you ", "understand", "", "\r\n"
83};
84
85// Parts 4 or 6 (Chorus)
86
87int song1_chorus_melody[] =
88{ b4f, b4f, a4f, a4f,
89f5, f5, e5f, b4f, b4f, a4f, a4f, e5f, e5f, c5s, c5, b4f,
90c5s, c5s, c5s, c5s,
91c5s, e5f, c5, b4f, a4f, a4f, a4f, e5f, c5s,
92b4f, b4f, a4f, a4f,
93f5, f5, e5f, b4f, b4f, a4f, a4f, a5f, c5, c5s, c5, b4f,
94c5s, c5s, c5s, c5s,
95c5s, e5f, c5, b4f, a4f, rest, a4f, e5f, c5s, rest
96};
97
98int song1_chorus_rhythmn[] =
99{ 1, 1, 1, 1,
1003, 3, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2,
1011, 1, 1, 1,
1023, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 8,
1031, 1, 1, 1,
1043, 3, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 2,
1051, 1, 1, 1,
1063, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 8, 4
107};
108
109char* lyrics_chorus[] =
110{ "Never ", "", "gonna ", "", "give ", "you ", "up\r\n",
111"Never ", "", "gonna ", "", "let ", "you ", "down", "", "\r\n",
112"Never ", "", "gonna ", "", "run ", "around ", "", "", "", "and ", "desert ", "", "you\r\n",
113"Never ", "", "gonna ", "", "make ", "you ", "cry\r\n",
114"Never ", "", "gonna ", "", "say ", "goodbye ", "", "", "\r\n",
115"Never ", "", "gonna ", "", "tell ", "a ", "lie ", "", "", "and ", "hurt ", "you\r\n"
116};
117
118void setup()
119{
120  pinMode(piezo, OUTPUT);
121  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
122  digitalWrite(led, LOW);
123  Serial.begin(9600);
124  flag = true;
125  a = 4;
126  b = 0;
127  c = 0;
128}
129
130void loop()
131{
132  // edit code here to define play conditions
133  /*
134  if (CONDITION 1) { // play
135    flag = true;
136  }
137  else if (CONDITION2) { // pause
138    flag = false;
139  }
140  */
141  
142  // play next step in song
143  if (flag == true) {
144    play();
145  }
146}
147
148void play() {
149  int notelength;
150  if (a == 1 || a == 2) { // Intro
151    // intro
152    notelength = beatlength * song1_intro_rhythmn[b];
153    if (song1_intro_melody[b] > 0) { // if not a rest, play note
154    digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
155    tone(piezo, song1_intro_melody[b], notelength);
156    }
157
158    b++;
159    if (b >= sizeof(song1_intro_melody) / sizeof(int)) {
160      a++;
161      b = 0;
162      c = 0;
163    }
164  } else if (a == 3 || a == 5) { // Verse 1
165    // verse
166    notelength = beatlength * 2 * song1_verse1_rhythmn[b];
167    if (song1_verse1_melody[b] > 0) {
168    digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
169    Serial.print(lyrics_verse1[c]);
170    tone(piezo, song1_verse1_melody[b], notelength);
171    c++;
172    }
173    b++;
174    if (b >= sizeof(song1_verse1_melody) / sizeof(int)) {
175    a++;
176    b = 0;
177    c = 0;
178    }
179  } else if (a == 4 || a == 6) { //chorus
180    // chorus
181    notelength = beatlength * song1_chorus_rhythmn[b];
182    if (song1_chorus_melody[b] > 0) {
183      digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
184      Serial.print(lyrics_chorus[c]);
185      tone(piezo, song1_chorus_melody[b], notelength);
186      c++;
187    }
188
189    b++;
190    if (b >= sizeof(song1_chorus_melody) / sizeof(int)) {
191      Serial.println("");
192      a++;
193      b = 0;
194      c = 0;
195    }
196  }
197
198  delay(notelength); // necessary because piezo is on independent timer
199  noTone(piezo);
200  digitalWrite(led, LOW);
201  delay(notelength * beatseparationconstant); // create separation between notes
202  if (a == 7) { // loop back around to beginning of song
203    a = 1;
204  }
205}

Copy
1/\*
2
3- Au Clair de la Lune with an Arduino and a PC speaker.
4- The calculation of the tones is made following the mathematical
5- operation:
6-
7-       timeUpDown = 1/(2 * toneFrequency) = period / 2
8- )c( Copyleft AlexandreQuessy 2006 http://alexandre.quessy.net
9- Inspired from D. Cuartielles's http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/PlayMelody
10  \*/
11
12int ledPin = 9;
13int speakerOut = 8;
14
15/_ 2 octavas :: semitones. 0 = do, 2 = re, etc. _/
16/_ MIDI notes from 48 to 71. Indices here are from 0 to 23. _/
17
18int timeUpDown[] = {3822, 3606, 3404, 3214, 3032, 2862,
192702, 2550, 2406, 2272, 2144, 2024,
201911, 1803, 1702, 1607, 1516, 1431,
211351, 1275, 1203, 1136, 1072, 1012};
22/_ our song. Each number is a (MIDI note - 48) on a beat. _/
23
24byte song[] = {12,12,12,14, 16,16,14,14, 12,16,14,14, 12,12,12,12,
2514,14,14,14, 9,9,9,9, 14,12,11,9, 7,7,7,7};
26// do do do re mi re do mi re re do...
27
28byte beat = 0;
29int MAXCOUNT = 32;
30float TEMPO_SECONDS = 0.2;
31byte statePin = LOW;
32byte period = 0;
33int i, timeUp;
34
35void setup() {
36pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
37pinMode(speakerOut, OUTPUT);
38}
39
40void loop() {
41digitalWrite(speakerOut, LOW);
42 for (beat = 0; beat < MAXCOUNT; beat++) {
43statePin = !statePin;
44digitalWrite(ledPin, statePin);
45
46    timeUp = timeUpDown[song[beat]];
47
48    period = ((1000000 / timeUp) / 2) * TEMPO_SECONDS;
49    for (i = 0; i < period; i++) {
50      digitalWrite(speakerOut, HIGH);
51      delayMicroseconds(timeUp);
52      digitalWrite(speakerOut, LOW);
53      delayMicroseconds(timeUp);
54    }
55    /* Uncomment this if you want notes to be discrete */
56    /* delay(50); */
57
58}
59digitalWrite(speakerOut, LOW);
60delay(1000);
61}

Copy
1/\*
2
3- Square wave tune with an Arduino and a PC speaker.
4- The calculation of the tones is made following the mathematical
5- operation:
6-
7- timeUpDown = 1/(2 \* toneFrequency) = period / 2
8- )c( Copyleft 2009 Daniel Gimpelevich
9- Inspired from AlexandreQuessy's https://playground.arduino.cc/Code/MusicalAlgoFun
10  \*/
11
12const byte ledPin = 13;
13const byte speakerOut = 11; /_ This makes a standard old PC speaker connector fit nicely over the pins. _/
14
15/_ 10.5 octaves :: semitones. 60 = do, 62 = re, etc. _/
16/_ MIDI notes from 0, or C(-1), to 127, or G9. _/
17/_ Rests are note number -1. _/
18
19unsigned int timeUpDown[128];
20
21/_ our song. Each number pair is a MIDI note and a note symbol. _/
22/_ Symbols are 1 for whole, -1 for dotted whole, 2 for half, _/
23/_ -2 for dotted half, 4 for quarter, -4 for dotted quarter, etc. _/
24
25const byte BPM = 120;
26const char song[] = {
2764,4,64,4,65,4,67,4, 67,4,65,4,64,4,62,4,
2860,4,60,4,62,4,64,4, 64,-4,62,8,62,2,
2964,4,64,4,65,4,67,4, 67,4,65,4,64,4,62,4,
3060,4,60,4,62,4,64,4, 62,-4,60,8,60,2,
3162,4,62,4,64,4,60,4, 62,4,64,8,65,8,64,4,60,4,
3262,4,64,8,65,8,64,4,62,4, 60,4,62,4,55,2,
3364,4,64,4,65,4,67,4, 67,4,65,4,64,4,62,4,
3460,4,60,4,62,4,64,4, 62,-4,60,8,60,2};
35
36int period, i;
37unsigned int timeUp, beat;
38byte statePin = LOW;
39const float TEMPO_SECONDS = 60.0 / BPM;
40const unsigned int MAXCOUNT = sizeof(song) / 2;
41
42void setup() {
43pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
44pinMode(speakerOut, OUTPUT);
45for (i = 128; i--;)
46timeUpDown[i] = 1000000 / (pow(2, (i - 69) / 12.0) \* 880);
47}
48
49void loop() {
50digitalWrite(speakerOut, LOW);
51 for (beat = 0; beat < MAXCOUNT; beat++) {
52statePin = !statePin;
53digitalWrite(ledPin, statePin);
54
55    i = song[beat * 2];
56    timeUp = (i < 0) ? 0 : timeUpDown[i];
57
58    period = (timeUp ? (1000000 / timeUp) / 2 : 250) * TEMPO_SECONDS
59      * 4 / song[beat * 2 + 1];
60    if (period < 0)
61      period = period * -3 / 2;
62    for (i = 0; i < period; i++) {
63      digitalWrite(speakerOut, timeUp ? HIGH : LOW);
64      delayMicroseconds(timeUp ? timeUp : 2000);
65      digitalWrite(speakerOut, LOW);
66      delayMicroseconds(timeUp ? timeUp : 2000);
67    }
68    delay(50);
69
70}
71digitalWrite(speakerOut, LOW);
72delay(1000);
73}